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By Scarlett Barnes

Gravity conveyors are widely used in warehouse logistics to move products smoothly and efficiently without the need for external power. Cost-effective and low-maintenance, these systems are easy to implement and customize. In order to ensure efficiency and maximize productivity, two factors must be considered when implementing a gravity conveyor system: slope and load.

Determining Slope

The primary function of slope is to harness the power of gravity in order to move materials. Installing gravity conveyors to the proper slope is essential for ensuring the products move in a consistent and controlled manner – without stalling or excessive accelerations. 

At a minimum, slope angle for most gravity conveyors begins at 5°. However, the correct incline angle depends on several factors, including product load, flow control, and conveyor type. Roller and skatewheel are the two main types of gravity conveyor and their incline requirements differ: skatewheel conveyor systems typically need less slope than roller systems, since the wheels require less force to initiate movement. Similarly, the flow and layout of the facility are important to consider. Incline requirements will change depending on the length and height of the conveyor system, as well as if there are any curves or leveling points as they reduce flow. Lastly, the desired outcome of the product must be factored in. For example, if the desired flow is to allow products to accumulate at the terminal point, then more slope will be required.

In order to fine-tune slope angles, operators can adjust the supportive stands and brackets as needed. This allows for flexibility and ensures the system can be effective across a wide range of applications. 

In order to fine-tune slope angles, operators can adjust the supportive stands and brackets as needed. This allows for flexibility and ensures the system can be effective across a wide range of applications. For proper setup, consider using adjustable gravity conveyor stands & supports to modify the incline and ensure smooth product flow.

Factoring in Load

Load refers to the products being transported on the conveyor system. Item specifications that need to be considered include weight, shape, and packaging material. 

These characteristics will also help determine what type of gravity conveyor is best suited for the items being moved. Skatewheel loads typically need to be lightweight and have a smooth, solid surface. Rollers can accommodate heavier, irregularly shaped loads more effectively.

Balancing Slope and Load for Optimal Performance

Calculating the proper slope takes trial and error. When implementing gravity conveyor systems, the slope should be well tested prior to full operation, as the required slope may differ from initial calculations. Since gravity conveyors are simple and flexible systems, they can be easily adjusted until the product flow is optimized. As products, packaging, or environments change, these systems can be further adjusted to account for any of these variables. 

Understanding the interplay between slope and load is critical in optimizing product line efficiency. Solution specialists at SJF are well versed in determining and carefully calibrating proper slope to ensure their clients systems are executed effectively. For businesses looking to maximize efficiency, custom gravity conveyor solutions and system design can help tailor conveyor setups to specific operational needs. When done properly, gravity conveyors provide an efficient, reliable, and safe solution for material handling.

More Information

If you have questions, want to receive more information, or would like a quote you can contact SJF’s Solutions Specialists at support@sjf.com or by calling 320-485-4974.

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• Read Part 1 of this series: Effortless Efficiency: The Role of Gravity Conveyors in the Modern Warehouse
• Read our Overview of Gravity Conveyors page
• Gravity Conveyor Parts Currently In Stock 
• Used Gravity Conveyor for Sale

By Scarlett Barnes

Gravity conveyors have had a long-standing presence in warehouse logistics, and for good reason. These easy-to-implement systems are not only affordable, but are also versatile across many different industries without the need for mechanical power. Starting in January 2025, SJF will be an official supplier of Roach Conveyors – one of the leading American-made manufacturers of gravity conveyors. This article will cover the basics of gravity conveyors – how they work, their application, and the benefits in hopes that it can help you determine if this is the right type of system for your company’s needs. 

How Gravity Conveyors Work

A gravity conveyor is a non-powered material handling system that moves product using the natural force of gravity. Slope is key in the design and functionality of the overall system. Most systems are designed with a slight decline that is dependent on the product type, product weight, and system length. Flat systems can also be developed using a person pushing the material as the momentum to help the product slide down the line. 

There are two main types of gravity conveyor styles: Roller and Skatewheel

Gravity roller conveyors use tube-like cylinders that rotate so that items can pass over them freely. They come in a wide variety of materials and diameters, making them customizable for anything from light to heavy duty items. To ensure proper support and movement, systems should be designed with a minimum of three rollers under the product at any given time. 

Gravity skatewheel conveyors use individual wheels mounted on axels to allow smooth product movement. They can be designed with a variety of different materials, but are best suited for lightweight applications. To ensure proper support and movement, systems should be designed with a minimum of 10 wheels under the product at any given time. 

Application

There are a variety of industries that can benefit from the implementation of gravity conveyors, including fulfillment centers, manufacturing, and even cold storage. These systems can handle a wide array of loads from light to heavy – especially if the items have a firm flat bottom, such as cartons, totes, cases, skids, drums, and more. Gravity conveyors are also flexible and adaptable for a multitude of uses, including production, distribution, shipping and receiving, as well as assembly lines. These conveyors can be installed with different specifications. Their sizes, lengths, widths, heights, and material can all be altered, as well as their method of mounting. They can be mounted on the floor, supported by stands, or even installed in rack systems. All of this together allows for complete customization, tailored to your company’s needs. 

Benefits

Overall, gravity conveyors are a simple and cost-effective solution to warehouse logistics that can provide a number of benefits. 

• Minimal Investment: Since they rely on gravity there is no need for expensive motors or increased electricity usage. They are easy to install and operate, which keeps start-up and training costs low.
  
• Efficiency: Gravity conveyors allow for a swift movement of product with minimal human intervention. This simplifies the workflow, reduces delays, and enhances productivity. 
  
• Maintenance: These systems are incredibly easy to maintain. Since there is no motor there is a low risk for mechanical breakdowns. They are made of simple parts that are durable (usually aluminum or steel), easy to clean, and easy to replace.  If parts do break, replacements are typically accessible and made out of affordable material, rarely requiring professional service to fix. 
  
• Ergonomic Improvements: Employees also receive benefits from the advent of gravity conveyors. They reduce the need for manual lifting and carrying, which in turn reduces injury risk and worker fatigue. Overall, this makes for a safer work environment.

As the demand for efficient material handling solutions grows, adoption of gravity conveyors is expected to rise. These systems are an economical way to quickly optimize your warehouse logistics while providing a number of additional benefits to the overall operation.

We at SJF recognize the value that these conveyor systems bring to our clients and are proud to offer new gravity conveyor and used gravity conveyor solutions, as well as system integration services for warehouse design and implementation. We’re excited to collaborate with Roach Conveyor and other leading vendors to provide high-quality products that meet our customers’ needs — now and in the future.

If you have questions, want to receive more information, or would like a quote you can contact SJF’s Solutions Specialists at support@sjf.com or by calling 320-485-4974.

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This is Part 1 of Our Series on Gravity Conveyor.
For Part 2, read Utilizing Slope and Load for Optimal Gravity Conveyor Performance.